I think the more likely scenario is that simply the spike protein mutates and the antibodies will longer work against it, or at least not work as well. In fact, I think this scenario is guaranteed to happen. For example, there are some versions of the vaccine from various companies that have great efficacy against some of the strains, and poor against others. Whereas other companies do better against the new strains.

I don't think there is a big chance that the spike protein itself stops being recognized as foreign because there is a limited amount of mrna that will generate the protein. Ultimately, the proteins will be removed by the same antibodies, and the antibodies are all that will remain. So the questions become: how long does the immune response last, how durable is it against new strains, how often do you need boosters, how good is the actual protection (I know several who got covid after 1 or both doses of the vaccine). And that doesn't begin to touch on long term safety and side effects, which don't know yet and will not know for several years. I have not taken the vaccine, but the vast majority of my colleagues my department did. I do not advise people against taking the vaccine, but I don't advise them to take it either. I tell them to do their own risk assessment and decide for themselves whether the risk of the virus outweighs the unknowns of the vaccine. But I don't do primary care so patients don't really come to me for advice on vaccinations.

I have not seen the studies for mink so I can't comment on them.