I speak two languages. It's true that sometimes there is no direct translation for a certain concept (the phrase would make no sense structured in English for example), but there is always a way to translate to something roughly equivalent. You might miss some nuance or shade of meaning, but the core concept will be there.

Every human deals with the same world and the same ideas, so obviously we are all going to find a way to describe them all. And you're right, the Muslims would make their holy book as accurate as possible.