https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/resistance-responses-collaboration/non-conformity/refusal-to-salute/

By 1934, special courts had been established to punish those who refused to perform the salute. The punishments ranged from imprisonment in concentration camps to intimidation or fines.

Despite the Nazis punitive efforts, some people refused to perform the salute. August Landmesser publically refused to perform the salute at the launch of a new Germany navy vessel at the Blohm+Voss shipyard in Hamburg in 1936, where he worked.